GPCR Target |
Reference |
CCR1 (Arrestin & Internalization) |
Gilchrist A, Gauntner TD, Fazzini A, Alley KM, Pyen DS, Ahn J, Ha SJ, Willett A, Sansom SE, Yarfi JL, Bachovchin KA, Mazzoni MR, Merritt JR. (2014). Identifying bias in CCR1 antagonists using radiolabelled binding, receptor internalization, β-arrestin translocation andchemotaxis assays. Br J Pharmacol. 171(22):5127-38. |
CCR1, CCR5 |
Rummel PC, Thiele S, Hansen LS, Petersen TP, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Ulven T and Rosenkilde MM. (2013). Extracellular disulfide bridges serve different purposes in two homologous chemokine receptors, CCR1 and CCR5. Mol Pharm 84(3):335-45 |
CCR4 |
Santulli-Marotto S, Fisher J, Petley T, Boakye K, Panavas T, Luongo J, Kavalkovich K, Rycyzyn M, Wu B, Gutshall L, Coelho A, Hogaboam CM and Ryan, M. (2013). Surrogate antibodies that specifically bind and neutralize CCL17 but not CCL22. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 32(3):162-71. |
CCR4 |
Santulli-Marotto S, Boakye K, Lacy E, Wu S, Luongo J, Kavalkovich K, Coelh A, Hogaboam CM and Ryan M. (2013). Engagement of two distinct binding domains on CCL17 Is required for signaling through CCR4 and establishment of localized inflammatory conditions in the lung. PLoS ONE 8(12): e81465. |
CCR5 |
Steen A, Thiele S, Guo D, Hansen LS, Frimurer TM and Rosenkilde MM. (2013). Biased and constitutive signaling in the CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 by manipulating the interface between transmembrane helices 6 and 7. J Biol Chem 288(18):12511-21. |
CCR5 |
Steen A, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Thiele S, Guo D, Frimurer TM, Rosenkilde MM. (2013). Gating Function of Isoleucine-116 in TM3 (position III:16/3.40) for the activity state of the CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Br J Pharmacol 171(6):1566-79. |
CCR5 |
White GE, McNeill E, Christou I, Channon KM and Greaves DR. (2011). Site-directed mutagenesis of the CC chemokine binding protein 35K-Fc reveals residues essential for activity and mutations that increase the potency of CC chemokine blockade. Mol Pharmacol 80(2):328-36. |
CCR7, CCR9, PTHR1 |
Watts AO, Verkaar F, van der Lee MM, Timmerman CA, Kuijer M, van Offenbeek J, van Lith LH, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Zaman GJ and Vischer HF. (2013). β-Arrestin recruitment and G protein signaling by the atypical human chemokine decoy receptor CCX-CKR. J Biol Chem 288(10):7169-81. |
Chemokines (multiple) |
Verkaar F, van Offenbeek J, van der Lee MM, van Lith LH, Watts AO, Rops AL, Aguilar DC, Ziarek JJ, van der Vlag J, Handel TM, Volkman BF, Proudfoot AE, Vischer HF, Zaman GJ, Smit MJ. (2014). Chemokine cooperativity is caused by competitive glycosaminoglycan binding. J Immunol 192(8):3908-14. |
Chemokines (multiple) |
Garin A, Johnson Z, Hermant A, Beltran F, Ratinaud Y, Michel A, Krohn S, Gaudet M, Carboni S, Ji H, Missotten M, Leger O, Power C and Proudfoot A. (2013). Chemokine receptor antagonist development. Methods Mol Biol 1013:67-92. |
Chemokines (multiple) |
Rajagopal S, Bassoni DL, Campbell JJ, Gerard NP, Gerard C and Wehrman TS. (2013). Biased agonism as a mechanism for differential signaling by chemokine receptors. J Biol Chem 288(49):35039-48. |
CMKLR1 |
Graham KL, Zhang JV, Lewen S, Burke TM, Dang T, Zoudilova M, Sobel RA, Butcher EC, Zabel BA. (2014). A novel CMKLR1 small molecule antagonist suppresses CNS autoimmune inflammatory disease. PLoS One. 9(12):e112925. |
CXCR2 |
Kashima K, Watanabe M, Sato Y, Hata J, Ishii N, Aoki Y. (2014).Inhibition of metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma by a novel neutralizing antibody to CXC chemokine receptor-4. Cancer Sci 105(10):1343-50. |
CXCR2 |
de Kruijf P, van Heteren J, Lim HD, Conti PG, van der Lee MM, Bosch L, Ho KK, Auld D, Ohlmeyer M, Smit MJ, et al. (2009). Nonpeptidergic allosteric antagonists differentially bind to the CXCR2 chemokine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 329(2):783-90. |
CXCR3 |
Bernat V, Brox R, Heinrich MR, Auberson YP, Tschammer N. (2015) Ligand-Biased and Probe-Dependent Modulation of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Signaling by Negative Allosteric Modulators. ChemMedChem. 10(3):566-74. |
CXCR3 |
Bernat V, Admas TH, Brox R, Heinemann FW, Tschammer N. (2014). Boronic Acids as Probes for Investigation of Allosteric Modulation of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3. ACS Chem Biol. 9(11):2664-77. |
CXCR3 |
Scholten DJ, Canals M, Wijtmans M, de Munnik S, Nguyen P, Verzijl D, de Esch IJ, Vischer HF, Smit MJ and Leurs R. (2012). Pharmacological characterization of a small-molecule agonist for the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Br J Pharmacol 166(3):898-911. |
CXCR4 |
Castaldo C, Benicchi T, Otrocka M, Mori E, Pilli E, Ferruzzi P, Valensin S, Diamanti D, Fecke W, Varrone M, Porcari V. (2014) CXCR4 Antagonists: A Screening Strategy for Identification of Functionally Selective Ligands. J Biomol Screen. 19(6):859-869. |
CXCR4, CXCR7 |
Segers VF, Revin V, Wu W, Qiu H, Yan Z, Lee RT and Sandrasagra A.(2011). Protease-resistant stromal cell-derived factor-1 for the treatment of experimental peripheral artery disease. Circulation 123(12):1306-15. |
CXCR7 |
Zabel BA, Wang Y, Lewen S, Berahovich RD, Penfold ME, Zhang P, Powers J, Summers BC, Miao Z, Zhao B, Jalili A, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Jaen JC and Schall TJ. (2009). Elucidation of CXCR7-mediated signaling events and inhibition of CXCR4-mediated tumor cell transendothelial migration by CXCR7 ligands. J Immunol183(5):3204-11. |
CXCR7
(Internalization) |
Liu S, Alomran R, Chernikova SB, Lartey F, Stafford J, Jang T, Merchant M, Zboralski D, Zollner S, Kruschinski A, Klussmann S, Recht L, and Brown MJ. (2014). Blockade of SDF-1 after irradiation inhibits tumor recurrences of autochthonous brain tumors in rats. Neuro-Oncol 16(1): 2-18 |
An effective antagonist of apelin receptor (Ki = 82 nM; IC50 = 93 nM) that antagonizes the inhibitory affect of [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 on forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in CHO-K1-APJ cells. MM 54
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